Isikhuntaukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyisixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo yokwenza isikhunta.
Ukukhethwa kwempahla yokubumba kudinga ukuhlangabezana nezimiso ezintathu.Isikhunta sihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi ezifana nokumelana nokugqoka kanye nokuqina, isikhunta sihlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo, futhi isikhunta kufanele sihlangabezane nokusebenziseka ngokonga.
(1) Iisikhuntaihlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza
1. Ukumelana nokugqoka
Lapho okungenalutho kukhubazekile ngokwepulasitiki emgodini wesikhunta, kokubili kugeleza futhi kushibilike ebusweni bomgodi, okubangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kobuso bembobo nokungenalutho, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesikhunta ngenxa yokugqoka.Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokugqoka kwempahla kungenye yezinto eziyisisekelo nezibalulekile zesikhunta.
Ukuqina kuyisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukumelana nokugqoka.Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kokuqina kwezingxenye zesikhunta, kuncane inani lokugqoka futhi kungcono ukumelana nokugqoka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokugqoka kuhlobene nohlobo, ubuningi, ukuma, ubukhulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwama-carbides kundaba.
2. Ukuqina okuqinile
Iningi lezimo zokusebenza zeisikhuntazimbi kakhulu, kanti ezinye zivame ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu womthelela, okuholela ekwephukeni kwe-brittle.Ukuze uvimbele ukuphuka okungazelelwe kwezingxenye zesikhunta ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isikhunta kufanele sibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.
Ukuqina kwesikhunta ikakhulukazi kuncike kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, usayizi wokusanhlamvu kanye nesimo sokuhlela sento.
3. Ukukhathala kokuphuka ukusebenza
Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza yesikhunta, ukuphuka kokukhathala kuvame ukubangelwa ngaphansi kwesenzo sesikhathi eside sokucindezeleka kwe-cyclic.Izinhlobo zayo zihlanganisa ukuphuka kokukhathala okunamandla amaningi, ukuphuka okuqinile, ukuphuka kokukhathala kanye nokuphuka kokukhathala okugobayo.
Ukusebenza kokukhathala kokuphuka kwe-isikhuntaikakhulukazi kuncike emandleni ayo, ukuqina, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuqukethwe kokufakwa kundaba.
4. Ukusebenza kokushisa okuphezulu
Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lesikhunta liphakeme, ubulukhuni namandla azokwehla, okuholela ekugqokeni kokuqala kwesikhunta noma ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokwehluleka.Ngakho-ke, izinto zokubumba kufanele zibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-anti-tempering ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikhunta sinobunzima obuphezulu namandla ekushiseni okusebenzayo.
5. Ukumelana nokushisa nokubanda kokukhathala
Ezinye isikhunta sisesimweni sokushisisa nokupholisa okuphindaphindiwe phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, okubangela ukuthi ingaphezulu lomgodi libe ngaphansi kokushuba, ingcindezi nokucindezeleka, okubangela ukuqhekeka nokuxebuka kwendawo, ukungqubuzana okwandayo, ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki, nokunciphisa ukunemba kobukhulu. , okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesikhunta.Ukukhathala okushisayo nokubandayo kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka komsebenzi oshisayo kuyafa, futhi lezi zifa kufanele zibe nokumelana okuphezulu nokukhathala nokukhathala kokushisa.
6. Ukumelana nokugqwala
Lapho abanyeisikhuntanjengokubunjwa kwepulasitiki kusebenza, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-chlorine, i-fluorine nezinye izakhi epulasitiki, amagesi agqwalayo aqinile njenge-HCI ne-HF ayabola ngemuva kokufudumeza, agugule ingaphezulu lesikhunta, akhuphule ubulukhuni bawo, futhi kwandisa ukuhluleka kokugqoka.
(2) Isikhunta sihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwenqubo
Ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta ngokuvamile kufanele kudlule ezinqubweni eziningana ezifana nokubumba, ukusika, nokwelashwa kokushisa.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza yesikhunta futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, impahla kufanele ibe nokuqanjwa okuhle, ukucubungula, ukuqina, ukuqina nokugaya;kufanele futhi ibe ne-oxidation encane, ukuzwela kwe-decarburization kanye nokucisha.I-Deformation kanye nokuthambekela kokuqhekeka.
1. Ukukhohlwa
Inokumelana ne-deformation ye-hot forging ephansi, i-plasticity enhle, ibanga lokushisa elibanzi lokubumba, ukuthambekela okuphansi kokuklama nokuqhekeka okubandayo kanye nemvula yama-carbides enethiwekhi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa
Ibanga lokushisa le-spheroidizing annealing libanzi, ubulukhuni be-annealing buphansi futhi ububanzi bokuguquguquka buncane, futhi izinga le-spheroidizing liphezulu.
3. Ukusebenziseka kalula
Inani lokusika likhulu, ukulahleka kwamathuluzi kuphansi, futhi ubulukhuni bomshini owenziwe ngomshini buphansi.
4. Ukuzwela kwe-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization
Uma ishisiswe kumazinga okushisa aphezulu, inokumelana ne-oxidation okuhle, i-decarburization ehamba kancane, ukungezwani nendawo yokushisisa, kanye nokuthambekela okuncane kokugoba.
5. Ukuba lukhuni
Inobumbano obufanayo nobulukhuni obuphezulu ngemuva kokucisha.
6. Ukuba lukhuni
Ngemva kokucisha, ungqimba oluqinile olujulile lungatholakala, olungaqiniswa ngokusebenzisa i-medium quenching medium.
7. Ukucisha ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-deformation
Ukushintsha kwevolumu yokucisha okuvamile kuncane, ukuma kusontekile, ukuhlanekezela kuncane, futhi ukuthambekela kokuguqulwa okungavamile kuphansi.Ukucisha okuvamile kunokuzwela okuqhekeka okuphansi futhi akuzweli ekucimeni kwezinga lokushisa nokuma kocezu lomsebenzi.
8. Ukugaya
Ukulahlekelwa okuhlobene kwesondo lokugaya kuncane, umkhawulo wenani lokugaya ngaphandle kokushiswa likhulu, futhi alizwani nekhwalithi yesondo lokugaya nezimo zokupholisa, futhi akulula ukudala ukuhuzuka nokugaya imifantu.
(3) Isikhunta sihlangabezana nezidingo zezomnotho
Ekukhethweni kweisikhuntaizinto zokwakha, isimiso somnotho kufanele sicatshangelwe ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokwanelisa ukusebenza, khetha kuqala intengo ephansi, uma ungasebenzisa i-carbon steel, awudingi insimbi ye-alloy, futhi uma ungasebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, awudingi izinto ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlinzeka emakethe kufanele futhi sicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinto zokwakha.Amamaki ensimbi akhethiwe kufanele abe ambalwa futhi agxilwe ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kulula ukuwathenga.