Namuhla, ngizokunikeza isethulo esifushane ngomlando wepulasitiki.

Ipulasitiki yokuqala eyenziwe ngokuphelele emlandweni wesintu kwakuyi-resin ye-phenolic eyenziwe yi-American Baekeland ene-phenol kanye ne-formaldehyde ngo-1909, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Baekeland plastic. Ama-phenolic resins enziwa yi-condensation reaction yama-phenol nama-aldehydes, futhi ayingxenye yamapulasitiki e-thermosetting. Inqubo yokulungiselela ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: isinyathelo sokuqala: okokuqala i-polymerize ibe yi-compound ene-linear degree ephansi ye-polymerization; isinyathelo sesibili: sebenzisa ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu ukuyiguqula ibe yi-polymerize ene-polymerize ephezulu.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yokuthuthukiswa, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki manje ikhona yonke indawo futhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesivinini esesabekayo. I-resin emsulwa ingase ingabi nombala futhi ibonakale noma ibonakale imhlophe, ngakho umkhiqizo awunazo izici ezicacile nezikhangayo. Ngakho-ke, ukunikeza imikhiqizo yepulasitiki imibala ekhanyayo sekuwumthwalo wemfanelo ongenakugwenywa wemboni yokucubungula ipulasitiki. Kungani ipulasitiki ithuthuke ngokushesha kangaka eminyakeni eyi-100 nje kuphela? Ikakhulukazi ngoba inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Amapulasitiki angakhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu. (Ngokusebenzisaisikhunta sepulasitiki)

2. Ubuningi bepulasitiki bulula futhi amandla aphezulu.

3. Ipulasitiki inokumelana nokugqwala.

4. Ipulasitiki inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela ukushisa kanye nokuvikela ukushisa.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zepulasitiki. Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-thermoplastics?

1. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ingenye yamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu. Phakathi kwamapulasitiki amahlanu aphezulu emhlabeni, amandla ayo okukhiqiza alandela i-polyethylene kuphela. I-PVC inobulukhuni obuhle kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, kodwa ayinakho ukunwebeka, futhi i-monomer yayo inobuthi.

2. I-Polyolefin (PO), evame kakhulu yi-polyethylene (PE) kanye ne-polypropylene (PP). Phakathi kwazo, i-PE ingenye yemikhiqizo emikhulu yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kabanzi. I-PP inobuningi obuphansi, ayinabo ubuthi, ayinaphunga futhi inokumelana okuhle nokushisa. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekushiseni okungaba ngu-110 degrees Celsius.isipuni sepulasitikiyenziwe nge-PP yezinga lokudla.

3. Ama-resin e-styrene, kufaka phakathi i-polystyrene (PS), i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (I-ABS) kanye ne-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. I-Polyamide, i-polycarbonate, i-polyethylene terephthalate, i-polyoxymethylene (POM). Lolu hlobo lwepulasitiki lungasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinto zobunjiniyela.

Ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kubhalwe phansi emibhalweni yomlando, futhi kwakuyinto yesibili ebalulekile eyathinta isintu ngekhulu lama-20. Ipulasitiki ngempela iyisimangaliso emhlabeni! Namuhla, singasho ngaphandle kokweqisa: “Izimpilo zethu azinakuhlukaniswa nepulasitiki”!