1. Qoqa ulwazi oludingekayo
Uma uklama idayisi lokunyathela elibandayo, ulwazi oluzoqoqwa luhlanganisa imidwebo yomkhiqizo, amasampula, imisebenzi yokuklama kanye nemidwebo yokubhekisela, njll., futhi imibuzo elandelayo kufanele iqondwe ngokufanele:
l) Yazi ukuthi umbono womkhiqizo onikeziwe uphelele yini, ukuthi izidingo zobuchwepheshe zicacile yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izidingo ezikhethekile.
2) Qonda ukuthi uhlobo lokukhiqiza lwengxenye luwukukhiqizwa kwesilingo noma ukukhiqiza kweqembu noma ngobuningi ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lokwakheka kwaloisikhunta.
3) Qonda izakhiwo zezinto (ezithambile, eziqinile noma eziqinile kancane), ubukhulu kanye nezindlela zokuhlinzeka (njengemichilo, amakhoyili noma ukusetshenziswa kwezicucu, njll.) zezingxenye ukuze kutholakale igebe elifanele lokufaka izikhala kanye nendlela yokondla yokunyathela.
4) Qonda izimo zabezindaba ezisebenzayo kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe ehlobene, bese unquma isikhunta esifanele kanye nemingcele ehlobene ngokuya ngemishini ekhethiwe, njengosayizi wesisekelo sesikhunta, usayiziisikhuntaisibambo, ukuphakama kokuvala kwesikhunta, kanye nendlela yokondla.
5) Ukuqonda amandla obuchwepheshe, izimo zemishini kanye namakhono okucubungula okukhiqiza isikhunta ukuze kunikezwe isisekelo sokunquma isakhiwo sesikhunta.
6) Qonda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezijwayelekile ngendlela engcono kakhulu ukuze kufushaniswe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza isikhunta.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo yokunyathela
Ukucutshungulwa kwe-stamp kubhekisela ebunzimeni bezingxenye zokunyathela. Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe, kuhlaziya ikakhulukazi ukuthi izici zesimo, ubukhulu (ibanga elincane lomphetho wembobo, umgodi, ukujiya kwezinto, ukuma okuphezulu), izidingo zokunemba kanye nezakhiwo zezinto zengxenye ziyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zenqubo yokunyathela. Uma kutholakala ukuthi inqubo yokunyathela ayilungile, kuyadingeka ukuphakamisa izilungiso kumkhiqizo wokunyathela, ezingashintshwa ngemva kokuba umklami womkhiqizo evumile.

3. Nquma uhlelo lwenqubo yokunyathela olufanele
Indlela yokunquma imi kanje:
l) Yenza ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo ngokuya ngesimo, ukunemba kobukhulu, kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi yobuso bento yokusebenza ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwezinqubo eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi ukuvala, ukushaya, ukugoba kanye nezinye izinqubo eziyisisekelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kunganqunywa ngokuqondile yizidingo zokudweba.
2) Nquma inani lezinqubo, njengenani lokudweba okujulile, ngokwezibalo zenqubo.
3) Nquma ukulandelana kokuhlelwa kwenqubo ngokuya ngezici zokuguquguquka kanye nezidingo zosayizi zenqubo ngayinye, isibonelo, ukuthi kufanele ushaye kuqala bese ugoba noma uqale ugobe bese ushaya.
4) Ngokusho kweqoqo lokukhiqiza kanye nezimo, nquma inhlanganisela yezinqubo, njengenqubo yokunyathela ehlanganisiwe, inqubo yokunyathela eqhubekayo, njll.
5) Okokugcina, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nokuqhathanisa kusukela ezicini zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuhlala kwemishini, ubunzima bokukhiqiza isikhunta, impilo yesikhunta, izindleko zenqubo, ukulula kokusebenza nokuphepha, njll. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi zezingxenye zokunyathela, Nquma uhlelo lwenqubo yokunyathela olungabizi kakhulu nolunengqondo olufanele izimo ezithile zokukhiqiza, bese ugcwalisa ikhadi lenqubo yokunyathela (okuqukethwe kufaka phakathi igama lenqubo, inombolo yenqubo, umdwebo wenqubo (isimo nosayizi womkhiqizo oqediwe kancane), isikhunta esisetshenzisiwe, imishini ekhethiwe, izidingo zokuhlola inqubo, ipuleti (Izincazelo zezinto kanye nokusebenza, isimo nosayizi ongenalutho, njll.):;

4 Nquma isakhiwo sesikhunta
Ngemva kokunquma uhlobo nokulandelana kwenqubo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo, uhlelo lwenqubo yokunyathela luyanqunywa futhi isakhiwo sedayi yenqubo ngayinye siyanqunywa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadayi okubhoboza, okumele zikhethwe ngokuya ngeqoqo lokukhiqiza, usayizi, ukunemba, ubunzima besimo kanye nezimo zokukhiqiza zezingxenye ezibhoboziwe. Izimiso zokukhetha zimi kanje:
l) Nquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa yini isikhunta esilula noma isakhiwo sesikhunta esihlanganisiwe ngokweqoqo lokukhiqiza lengxenye. Ngokuvamile, isikhunta esilula sinempilo ephansi futhi sibiza kancane; kanti isikhunta esihlanganisiwe sinempilo ende futhi sibiza kakhulu.

2) Nquma uhlobo lwedayi ngokwezidingo zosayizi wengxenye.
Uma ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye kuphezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe isakhiwo sedayi esinembile; ezingxenyeni ezinezidingo ezijwayelekile zokunemba, idayi evamile ingasetshenziswa. Ukunemba kwezingxenye ezikhishwe yidayi ehlanganisiwe kuphakeme kunokwedayi eqhubekayo, kanti idayi eqhubekayo iphakeme kunedayi yenqubo eyodwa.

3) Nquma isakhiwo sedayi ngokuya ngohlobo lwemishini.
Uma kukhona ukucindezela kwe-double-action ngesikhathi sokudweba okujulile, kungcono kakhulu ukukhetha isakhiwo se-double-action kunesakhiwo se-single-action die
4) Khetha isakhiwo sedayi ngokwesimo, usayizi kanye nobunzima bengxenye. Ngokuvamile, ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa kwezikhunta futhi kube lula ukwakheka kwedayi, kusetshenziswa izikhunta zenqubo eyodwa; ezingxenyeni ezincane ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa, izikhunta ezihlanganisiwe noma izikhunta eziqhubekayo zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ezingxenyeni ezisilinda ezinomkhiqizo omkhulu kanye nobukhulu obuncane bangaphandle, njenge-semiconductor transistor casings, kufanele kusetshenziswe idayisi eqhubekayo yokudweba okuqhubekayo.
5) Khetha uhlobo lwesikhunta ngokuya ngamandla okukhiqiza isikhunta kanye nokonga. Uma kungekho ikhono lokukhiqiza isikhunta sezinga eliphezulu, zama ukuklama isakhiwo sesikhunta esilula esisebenzayo nesingenzeka; futhi ngemishini eminingi namandla obuchwepheshe, ukuze uthuthukise impilo yesikhunta futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kufanele ukhethe isakhiwo se-Precision die esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, lapho kukhethwa isakhiwo sedayi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngezici eziningi, futhi ngemva kokuhlaziywa okuphelele nokuqhathanisa, isakhiwo sedayi esikhethiwe kufanele sibe nengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka. Bheka Ithebula 1-3 ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta.

5. Yenza izibalo zenqubo ezidingekayo
Ukubalwa kwenqubo eyinhloko kuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
l) Ukubala okungenalutho okuvulekayo: Ngokuyinhloko kuhloswe ukunquma ukuma nosayizi ovulekile wezikhala zezingxenye ezigobile nezingxenye ezidonswe ngokujulile, ukuze ukwakheka kwenziwe ngaphansi komgomo ongabizi kakhulu, futhi izinto ezisebenzayo zinganqunywa ngokufanele.

2) Ukubalwa kwamandla okubhoboza kanye nokukhethwa kokuqala kwemishini yokunyathela: ukubalwa kwamandla okubhoboza, amandla okugoba, amandla okudonsa kanye namandla asizayo ahlobene, amandla okukhipha impahla, amandla okusunduza, amandla okugcina angenalutho, njll., uma kudingeka, kudingeka futhi ubale umsebenzi wokubhoboza kanye namandla ukuze ukhethe umshini wokunyathela. Ngokusho komdwebo wesakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo sesikhunta esikhethiwe, ingcindezi yokubhoboza iyonke ingabalwa kalula. Ngokusho kwengcindezi yokubhoboza iyonke ebaliwe, imodeli kanye nemininingwane yemishini yokunyathela kuqala ikhethwa. Ngemva kokuba umdwebo ojwayelekile wesikhunta uklanywe, hlola ukuthi umshini uyahlangabezana yini nezidingo, bese ekugcineni unquma uhlobo kanye nencazelo yomshini wokunyathela.

3) Ukubalwa kwesikhungo sokucindezela: Bala isikhungo sokucindezela, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo sokucindezela isikhunta sihambisana nomugqa ophakathi wesibambo sesikhunta lapho uklama isikhunta. Inhloso ukuvimbela isikhunta ukuthi singathinteki umthwalo ongavamile futhi sithinte ikhwalithi yesikhunta.

4) Yenza ukubalwa kokuhlelwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto. Ukuze unikeze isisekelo sesabelo sokusetshenziswa kwezinto.
Indlela yokuklama nezinyathelo zomdwebo wokwakheka: ngokuvamile cabanga futhi ubale izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto kusukela ekubukeni kokwakheka kuqala. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, iphepha elijiyile livame ukunqunywa libe amasampula angu-3 kuya kwangu-5. Kukhethwa izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ezingaba khona. Isixazululo esifanele. Namuhla, ukwakheka kwekhompyutha kuvame ukusetshenziswa bese kucabangela ngokuphelele ubukhulu besikhunta, ubunzima besakhiwo, impilo yesikhunta, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto nezinye izici. Khetha uhlelo lokwakheka olufanele. Nquma ukugqagqana, bala ibanga lesinyathelo kanye nobubanzi bezinto. Nquma ububanzi bezinto kanye nokubekezelelana kobubanzi bezinto ngokwezincazelo zezinto ezijwayelekile zepuleti (umcu). Bese udweba ukwakheka okukhethiwe kumdwebo wokwakheka, maka umugqa wesigaba ofanele ngokohlobo lwesikhunta kanye nochungechunge lokubhoboza, bese umaka usayizi kanye nokubekezelelana.

5) Ukubalwa kwegebe phakathi kwesikhunta esijiyile nesijiyile kanye nosayizi wengxenye yokusebenza.

6) Ngenqubo yokudweba, nquma ukuthi idayisi yokudweba isebenzisa yini isibambi esingenalutho, bese wenza izikhathi zokudweba, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wedayi yenqubo ngayinye ephakathi, kanye nokubalwa kosayizi womkhiqizo oqediwe kancane.
7) Izibalo ezikhethekile kwezinye izindawo.

6. Umklamo wesikhunta ophelele
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni nokubalwa okungenhla, ukwakheka okuphelele kwesakhiwo sesikhunta kungenziwa, futhi umdwebo ungadwetshwa, ukuphakama okuvaliwe kweisikhuntakungabalwa ekuqaleni, kanye nosayizi wohlaka lweisikhunta, isakhiwo sembobo kanye nendlela yokulungisa kungatholakala cishe. Futhi cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:
1) Isakhiwo kanye nendlela yokulungisa i-convex ne-concaveisikhunta;
2) Indlela yokubeka indawo yomsebenzi noma engenalutho.
3) Ukukhipha nokukhipha idivayisi.
4) Imodi yokuqondisa yeisikhuntakanye namadivayisi asizayo adingekayo.
5) Indlela yokondla.
6) Ukunqunywa kwesimo sesisekelo sesikhunta kanye nokufakwa kwedayi.
7) Ukusetshenziswa kwendinganisoizingxenye zesikhunta.
8) Ukukhetha imishini yokunyathela.
9) Ukusebenza okuphephile kweisikhuntas, njll.